By now, the whole world knows that seven documented bumble bee kill incidents happened in Oregon during 2013-2014. These bee slaughters were caused by applications of neonicotinoid insecticides.
The Plight of Bees and Their Role in Food Security
Sweat Bee In Aster by Debi Murk
As we launch another summer of our ever-popular Beauty of the Bee Photo Contest, it offers an opportunity to spread the good word about the inherent, sacred beauty of humanity's constant insect companion, the bee. It's also a chance to reflect on its truly remarkable value to our survival as a species, fully engaged with agriculture as a way of life.
Bees have recently been declared the most important living beings on Earth by the Earthwatch Institute during a meeting at the Royal Geographical Society of London. This declaration highlights the crucial role bees play in maintaining our ecosystems and food security. Bees are responsible for pollinating around 70% of the world's crops, making them indispensable for food production.1
Celebrate the Beauty of Bees and WIN!
Did you know that bees play a vital role in creating the foods we love? From crunchy autumn apples and delicious summer blueberries to fiber-filled almonds and sweet tomatoes, bees are our tiny, unsung heroes in food growing and harvesting. Without bees, our dinner tables would have far less variety.
Honeybee hive photo courtesy of Autumn Steam, first place winner of our first Beauty of the Bee Photo Contest.
Honey Bees vs. Native Bees
When we think of bees, we often picture honey bees. Honey bees are known for producing honey and living in large colonies. Recently, news reports have pointed to the beginning of a recovery of honey bee populations (more references below). This is great news, but it's important to remember that honey bees are not the only pollinators.
Native bees are also crucial for pollination. There are over 4,000 species of native bees in North America alone, and they come in many shapes and sizes. The Oregon Bee Atlas project estimates around 800 species of native bees live in Oregon.* Some native bees are even better at pollinating certain crops than honey bees. For example, bumblebees are excellent pollinators of tomatoes and blueberries. Native bees often work more efficiently because they have different ways of collecting pollen and are active in different weather conditions than honey bees.
Photo by Linda Cousino, "Sharing Is Caring," winner of the Facebook Choice Award in the 2021 Beauty of the Bee Photo Contest
Current state of the crisis
As of 2024, the situation regarding bee populations in the U.S. shows some surprising developments. Honeybee populations, in particular, have seen significant growth. Over the past five years, the number of honeybee colonies has increased by more than one million, bringing the total to nearly 4 million. This increase is largely attributed to the economic value of honeybees, especially for crops like almonds, which rely heavily on honey bee pollination. This economic necessity has driven efforts to maintain and even expand honeybee populations despite ongoing challenges such as diseases and environmental stresses.2
However, the situation is not uniformly positive across all bee species. Far from it! Wild bees and other native bee species continue to face severe challenges, including habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and diseases. Unlike honeybees, wild bees cannot be managed as easily, which makes their declines more difficult to counteract. The survival and health of these bee populations are crucial for biodiversity and the pollination of wild plants, but they receive less attention and fewer conservation resources compared to commercial honeybees.3
Overall, while managed honeybee populations are increasing due to their economic importance and active management, wild bee species in the U.S. are still experiencing significant declines, indicating a mixed overall picture for the health of bee populations in 2024.
The Decline of Native Bees
While honey bees are making a comeback this year, native bees are still in decline. This decline can be attributed to several factors, including habitat loss, pesticide use, disease, and climate change.4
Threatened Species of Native Bees**
Several species of native bees are at serious risk of extinction. Here are a few examples:
American Bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus)
Once among the most common and widespread bumblebee species, the American bumblebee once thrived in open areas across the lower 48 states, except Washington. After the population started plunging in the 2000s, now this iconic species has disappeared from at least eight states and experienced severe decline across its remaining range.
Southern Plains Bumblebee (Bombus fraternus)
This bumblebee species is native to the perennial grasslands and open woodlands of America’s Great Plains, Midwest and southeastern coastal plains.
Mojave Poppy Bee (Perdita meconis)
The tiny Mojave poppy bee is only known to live in seven sites in and around Nevada’s Lake Mead National Recreation Area. This bee is a poppy specialist, gathering pollen from the imperiled Las Vegas bear-poppy and the endangered dwarf bear-poppy.
Rusty Patched Bumblebee (Bombus affinis)
Once common in the Midwest and Eastern United States, this bumblebee has experienced a severe population decline. It is now listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service due to habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and disease.
Franklin’s Bumblebee (Bombus franklini)
Found only in a small region of southern Oregon and northern California, Franklin’s bumblebee is one of the rarest bees in the world. Its decline is attributed to habitat loss, pesticide use, and disease.
Suckley’s Cuckoo Bumblebee (Bombus suckleyi)
Suckley’s cuckoo bumblebees have a fascinating story. Females must fight or sneak into a colony of western bumblebees and kill or subdue the host colony’s queen. The cuckoo queen bee then lays her own eggs and gains control of the host colony’s worker bees, who continue collecting pollen and nectar to feed the cuckoo queen’s offspring.
Why the Decline of Bees is a Problem for Food Security
Food security means having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food. Bees play a critical role in ensuring food security by pollinating crops that make up a large part of our diet. When bee populations decline, it can lead to lower crop yields, which translates into less food available and higher prices for the food that is available.5
Bees are responsible for pollinating a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. Some of the most bee-dependent crops include apples, blueberries, cherries, almonds, and pumpkins. Without bees, these crops would produce significantly less fruit, and in some cases, might not produce fruit at all. This reduction in crop yield directly impacts the availability of these foods in the market.6
For example, if there are fewer bees to pollinate apple trees, there will be fewer apples. This can cause apple prices to go up, making it harder for people to afford this healthy fruit. This is especially challenging for underserved communities who already face barriers to accessing healthy food. These communities are often located in food deserts, areas where access to affordable, nutritious food is limited. The increase in food prices due to the decline of bee populations exacerbates the existing food insecurity in these areas.
Moreover, the decline in native bee populations doesn't just affect the quantity and price of food, but also the nutritional quality. Many of the crops that rely on bee pollination are rich in essential nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. A decrease in the availability of these foods can lead to a less varied and less nutritious diet, further impacting the health and well-being of communities.
The economic impact of declining bee populations is also significant. Farmers who grow bee-dependent crops may face financial losses due to reduced yields, which can lead to higher production costs. These costs are often passed on to consumers, contributing to the overall increase in food prices. Additionally, farmers may need to invest in alternative pollination methods, such as hand pollination or the use of other pollinating insects, which can be labor-intensive and costly.
Addressing the decline of native bee populations is crucial for maintaining food security and ensuring that everyone has access to affordable, nutritious food. This involves protecting bee habitats, reducing the use of pesticides that harm bees, and supporting sustainable agricultural practices that promote biodiversity. By taking these steps, we can help ensure that bees continue to play their vital role in our food system and support the health and well-being of all communities.
~ John Jordan-Cascade,
Web Manager and Photo Contest organizer
Write to me if you would like to contribute a bee-themed prize for the Beauty of the Bee Photo Contest.
Please visit our Facebook group so you can vote for your favorite photos as they are posted.
NOTE: Facebook votes will not be the primary determining factor in choosing winners, but we will provide special recognition for the photo that gets the most positive recognition on Facebook.
References
1) Bees Declared The Most Important Species On Earth by Luana Steffen
2) Honeybee populations are hitting record numbers. Weren’t they dying off before?
Kai Ryssdal, Sarah Leeson, and Sofia Terenzio (May 16, 2024)
3) Q&A: Are honey bees, wild bees still in trouble? by Diana Yates, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (June 30, 2023)
4) Pollinator Decline: Implications for Food Security & Environment
Opinion article by Professor Johanne Brunet of USDA-ARS at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
5) Breeze, T. D., Vaissière, B. E., Bommarco, R., Petanidou, T., Seraphides, N., Kozak, L., ... & Kleijn, D. (2014). Agricultural policies exacerbate honeybee pollination service supply-demand mismatches across Europe. PLOS One, 9(1), e82996.
6) Aizen, M. A., & Harder, L. D. (2009). The Global Stock of Domesticated Honey Bees Is Growing Slower Than Agricultural Demand for Pollination. NIH, originally published in Current Biology, 19(11), 915-918.
Resources
Endangered Pollinators and Wild Bee Conservation (Xerces Society)
Honey bees are not in peril. These bees are.
Want to save the bees? First, throw out most of what you know about them.
by Benji Jones (Jan 19, 2023)
Learn more about What You Can Do to Save Bees (PDF)
Read Krystal Abrams' blog, "Buzzing with Excitement: Bee Surveys Reveal a Hidden World of Native Bee Riches!"
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* Entomologists estimate that there are around 800 species of native bees in Oregon. The Oregon Bee Atlas project, supported by Oregon State University and the Oregon Department of Agriculture, has been instrumental in cataloging and studying these species. This effort has significantly increased our understanding of Oregon's bee biodiversity. The project has documented over 650 native bee species, with ongoing efforts likely to reveal even more as citizen scientists and researchers continue their surveys across the state
** Native Bees page on Center for Biological Diversity website
Buzzing with Excitement: Bee Surveys Reveal a Hidden World of Native Bee Riches!
A native bee on a Plectritis (sea blush) plant at Rasor Park. Photo by Emily Matlock.
Our 5th Annual Native Bee Survey was not only fun, it was also a scientific discovery that revealed the diverse and intricate world of native bees in two rare prairie remnants. This year’s bee surveys, conducted at Westmoreland Park and Rasor Park, emphasize the importance of understanding native bee habitat necessary to creating effective habitat conservation plans and restoration efforts.
I’m thrilled to say not only did we have an absolute blast exploring these beautiful prairie remnants, but we also discovered a treasure trove of native bees that left us in awe of nature's wonders.
Westmoreland Park: Where Prairie Magic Unfolds
Picture this: a sunny day, a fragrant breeze, and an enchanting native prairie remnant at Westmoreland Park. Armed with our keen eyes and curiosity, we embarked on a quest to uncover the hidden residents of this thriving ecosystem.
A bee survey participant excitedly brings a Bombus vosnesenskii bee to the attention of bee survey organizers
As we walked through the East Prairie, a meadow bursting with native plant life, we couldn't help but notice the vibrant flowers embracing the landscape. Ranunculus and Camassia danced under the warm rays, their colors beacons of joy. Camas flowers, an important food plant for the Kalapuya original inhabitants of the Willamette Valley, gave the whole meadow a wash of blue-lavender hue. The temperature was a pleasant 72°F, and the partly cloudy sky only added to the allure of our adventure. But what truly stole the show were our incredible bee friends!
We encountered various species, each with its unique charm. Our friends included the familiar Apis mellifera (14 individuals), known as the honey bee, gracefully hovering from flower to flower. We also spotted Bombus vosnesenskii (2 individuals), their fuzzy bodies collecting precious nectar.
Intriguingly, a solitary Xylocopa sp. (Carpenter bee) caught our attention, diligently carving its nest in a nearby tree. And who could forget the magnificent Bombus grizziocolus, the brown-belted bumble (2 individuals) and Bombus californicus, classified as a vulnerable species (1 individual), showcasing their brilliant colors while buzzing around the captivating camas blooms?
Alongside our bee companions, we spotted a few other fascinating creatures. A group of adorable bee flies (7 in total) entertained us with their acrobatic maneuvers, while a delightful ladybug (1 lucky lady) added a sprinkle of luck to our adventure.
Why Bees Matter: Unraveling Native Bee Habitat and Health
Our journey through Westmoreland Park reminds us of the crucial role native bees play in our ecosystems. As habitat restoration and rehabilitation efforts gain momentum, understanding more about the habitat and health of native bees becomes paramount. By conducting surveys like these, we contribute to the ongoing efforts to conserve and protect these essential pollinators.
Rasor Park: Unveiling the Prismatic Symphony of Bees
Our journey continues to Rasor Park, a dry haven adorned with picturesque prairie remnants. The sun shone brightly, illuminating the diverse array of flowering species that embraced the landscape like a colorful quilt. Plectritus, Sidalcea, Ranunculus, Geum, Camassia, and California poppies were just a few of the floral stars performing in this enchanting botanical ballet. The temperature soared to a delightful 76°F, and the cloudless sky beckoned us to uncover the hidden gems residing within this captivating ecosystem.
Our bee surveys always bring out plenty of curious bee enthusiasts!
We marked the presence of 14 different bee species in one survey! We saw the ubiquitous Andrena prunorum, or the purple miner bee, a ground-nesting bee and the Halictus tripartitus, an iridescent sweat bee. We also found a prime specimen of ground-nest bees, the Halictus farinosus, which practices cooperative brood care and multi-generational living.
Join Us in Our Effort to Save Oregon's Bees!
But wait, there's more! We need your help to collect even more valuable data and raise awareness about pollinator health and habitat conservation. We're excited to invite you to the upcoming Bee Jazzy celebration, where we'll not only groove to some fantastic tunes but also support our mission to conduct more bee surveys, conduct more outdoor education camps for youth of color and spread the word about the importance of preserving bee habitats. Mark your calendars and let's make a beeline to Bee Jazzy!
Surveyors found a Andrena bee (a.k.a., a mining bee) in Rasor Park. Photo by Emily Matlock.
Bees: The Unsung Heroes
Buzzing with excitement and charm, native bees are the unsung heroes of our ecosystems! These little powerhouses of pollination play a vital role in keeping our environment healthy and teeming with biodiversity. They're like the VIPs of the floral world, rocking the task of pollinating native plant species! By doing so, they ensure that these plants can reproduce and maintain the balance of the whole ecosystem. Talk about teamwork! These bees are the ultimate locals, perfectly adapted to their surroundings and rocking a long history of coevolution with native plants. It's a love story that goes way back, and we're here to celebrate it! By diving into the fascinating world of native bee diversity, we unlock the secrets to stronger habitat protections and smarter strategies to reduce those pesky pesticides that can harm our buzzing buddies.
A family of bee surveyors at Westmoreland park enjoy time together. Photo by Emily Matlock.
Through research and discovery, we will unravel the habitat needs, population dynamics, and health status of these amazing creatures. Armed with this knowledge, we can swoop in with targeted conservation measures to protect our beloved pollinators from threats like habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and the unpredictable impacts of climate change.
It's time to rally together and create a buzz-worthy future for our native bees and the ecosystems they call home!
MORE about the results of our two spring bee surveys
The May 10th survey conducted at Westmoreland Park in Eugene focused on the east prairie remnant. The area exhibited a wet habitat with no bare ground, abundant grasses, and constant exposure to direct sunlight throughout the day. Notably, the entire site consisted of native prairie remnant vegetation, with no introduced plantings.
During our survey, we documented the following bee species:
Bombus vosnesenskii (2 individuals)
Apis mellifera (14 individuals)
Xylocopa sp. (Carpenter bee) (1 individual)
Bombus grizziocolus (2 individuals), observed primarily on camas flowers
Bombus californicus (1 individual)
Halictus tripertitus (1 individual)
Osmia sp. (1 individual)
In addition to bees, we observed other notable species, including seven bee flies and a single ladybug.
On May 17th we conducted a survey at Rasor Park in Eugene. This site featured a dry habitat with approximately 5% bare ground and 50%-60% coverage of flowering plants. The area received ample direct sunlight throughout the day and consisted of a native prairie remnant with several introduced plantings of native species.
The bee species identified during the survey at Rasor Park were as follows:
Osmia sp. (5 individuals)
Hoplitis albifrons (1 individual, possibly Sonia)
Seratina sp. (3 individuals)
Seratina acantha (3 individuals, a small carpenter bee found on checkermallow, including 1 male and 2 females)
Apis mellifera (6 individuals)
Bombus californicus (2 individuals)
Halictus farinosus (3 individuals)
Halictus tripartitus (1 individual)
Protosmia rubifloris (1 individual)
Nomada sp. (red) (1 individual)
Andrena prunorum (1 individual)
Andrena sp. (2 individuals)
Bombus vosnesenskii (2 individuals)
Bombus melanopygus (1 individual)
The findings from these surveys contribute to our understanding of native bee populations in prairie remnants. The presence of various bee species, including both solitary and social bees, highlights the importance of maintaining diverse habitats to support their survival. By documenting the specific flowering species utilized by these bees, we gain insights into their foraging preferences and potential plant-pollinator relationships.
Written by Krystal Abrams,
Communications Manager and Bee Enthusiast Extraordinairre
Bee City Eugene - what's next?
By becoming a Bee City, The City of Eugene has formally acknowledged the importance of pollinators to healthy ecosystems and joined the national movement to protect and support our pollinators now and in the future. Bee Cities support collaboration to establish and maintain healthy pollinator habitats within city limits.
Counting on pollinators to return
While working alongside other local naturalists and bee-enthusiasts at the 2nd Annual Bee Count, I was thrilled to discover that at least 24 different species of native bees have returned to the Whilamut Natural Area, a rehabilitated prairie habitat north of the Willamette River. This was a remarkable turn-around for this area since non-herbicide habitat restoration efforts were implemented 14 years ago.
Protect Oregon's bees and have a good time doing it!
Important action is being taken across our state to protect honey bees. However, the public is less aware of the critical role Oregon’s native bees play in pollination and maintaining the healthy environment we all enjoy – nor of the threats they face. Did you know eight different species of native bees are currently listed on the United States Endangered Species List?
Get on down for da’ bees!
Getting down for bees with jazz music, wine and food has everything to do with being a bee protector! We are celebrating bees with a fantastically fun event, but we aren’t joking about the real peril for pollinators. Bees are not safe in Oregon, or anywhere else in America. Eight species of native bees have very recently been put on the US Endangered Species List and are at the mercy of the Trump Administration.
Why You And I Are Thrilled to Protect Oregon’s People, Pollinators and Places – Again!
I’m writing this from the bedside of my childhood friend who grew up on the same street as I. Ten days ago she was fine. Today she is transitioning to her passing. Her breathing is ragged, her eyes are unfocused. Her doctors at Stanford University Medical Center told the family they have never seen such a rare and aggressive cancer. They can’t stop it, they can’t even slow it down.
Cancer. Linked to environmental pollution from toxic chemicals and poisonous pesticides.
Crow Feather Farm
Beyond Toxics is publicizing local gardens friendly to our increasingly fragile population of pollinators. In this blog we visit Jessica Jackowski’s garden in Eugene.
Along a path at Crow Feather Farm, borage blossoms unfurl in spirals. A honeybee dances among them, then attaches herself upside down to a nectar-rich mini-grotto, proboscis sucking up sweetness. A few spirals over, a plump velvety bumblebee alights, and a hummingbird waits on a post nearby.
The Bee, the Puppy and You!
This week national environmental leaders in bee protection, including Beyond Toxics, signed on to letters sent to Ace and True Value Hardware stores asking them to act now to protect bees! Our petition is for Ace and True Value to commit to not sell products containing systemic neonicotinoid pesticides harmful to bees, butterflies, birds and other wildlife.
